1-2: Complete MOV_RM_TF_R decoding

This commit is contained in:
Hane 2026-01-25 00:11:43 +01:00
commit eb2c1cb0f9
7 changed files with 293 additions and 0 deletions

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1-2/8086coded Executable file

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1-2/compile.sh Executable file
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#! /usr/bin/env bash
gcc 1-2/decoder.c -O0 -g -gdwarf -o 1-2/8086coded

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1-2/decoder.c Normal file
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#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>
enum DT_INSTRUCTIONS
{
MOV_RM_TF_R = 0b1000'10, //d w
MOV_I_T_RM = 0b1100'011, // w
MOV_I_T_R = 0b1011, // w reg
MOV_M_T_A = 0b1010'000, // w
MOV_A_T_M = 0b1010'001, // w
MOV_RM_T_SR = 0b1000'1110,
MOV_SR_T_RM = 0b1000'1100,
};
enum MOV_REGISTER_MODE
{
MEM_NO_DISP = 0b00,
MEM_8BIT_DISP = 0b01,
MEM_16BIT_DISP = 0b010,
REG_NO_DISP = 0b11
};
#define REG_ENCODING_TXT_LEN 3
char REG_ENCODING_TXT[0b10000][REG_ENCODING_TXT_LEN] = { "al", "cl", "dl", "bl", "ah", "ch", "dh", "bh",
"ax", "cx", "dx", "bx", "sp", "bp", "si", "di"};
#define EA_ENCODING_TXT_LEN 8
char EA_ENCODING_TXT[0b1000][EA_ENCODING_TXT_LEN] = { "bx + si", "bx + di", "bp + si", "bp + di",
"si", "di", "bp", "bx"};
enum REG_ENCODING
{
R_AL = 0b000,
R_CL = 0b001,
R_DL = 0b010,
R_BL = 0b011,
R_AH = 0b100,
R_CH = 0b101,
R_DH = 0b110,
R_BH = 0b111
};
enum WREG_ENCODING
{
WR_AX = 0b000,
WR_CX = 0b001,
WR_DX = 0b010,
WR_BX = 0b011,
WR_SP = 0b100,
WR_BP = 0b101,
WR_SI = 0b110,
WR_DI = 0b111
};
typedef struct
{
FILE *binary;
uint64_t size;
} binary_data;
FILE *output;
binary_data bin;
int MOV_RM_TF_R_parse(uint8_t byte1, uint8_t byte2, binary_data *binary, int bytes_read)
{
const uint8_t wide_mask = 0b0000'0001;
const uint8_t dest_mask = 0b0000'0010;
const uint8_t mod_mask = 0b1100'0000;
const uint8_t regm_mask = 0b0011'1000;
unsigned char byte[1];
uint8_t low_disp = 0;
uint8_t high_disp = 0;
uint16_t wide_disp = 0;
uint8_t extra_bytes_read = 0;
bool reg_is_dest = (byte1 & dest_mask);
uint8_t inst_mod = (byte2 & mod_mask) >> 6;
//Effective Address string compose vars
char ea_string[18] = {'\0'};
char *ea_string_write_ptr = ea_string;
//Number of chars disp value takes
int disp_len = 0;
uint8_t reg_value = 0;
uint8_t ea_table_value = 0;
switch (inst_mod)
{
case (REG_NO_DISP):
//Since we're doing register mode/register to register, both reg and r/m are affected by the W bit
//if D=1, dest is retrieved from the reg field in byte2 and src from r/m
uint8_t dest_value = (reg_is_dest) ? ((byte2 & regm_mask) >> 3) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8)
: (byte2 & (regm_mask >> 3)) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8);
uint8_t src_value = (reg_is_dest) ? (byte2 & (regm_mask >> 3)) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8)
: ((byte2 & regm_mask) >> 3) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8);
printf("%s %s, %s\n", "mov", REG_ENCODING_TXT[dest_value], REG_ENCODING_TXT[src_value]);
fprintf(output, "%s %s, %s\n", "mov", REG_ENCODING_TXT[dest_value], REG_ENCODING_TXT[src_value]);
break;
case (MEM_8BIT_DISP):
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
extra_bytes_read++;
low_disp = (uint8_t)byte[0];
reg_value = ((byte2 & regm_mask) >> 3) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8);
ea_table_value = (byte2 & (regm_mask >> 3));
//EA STRING GENERATION
*ea_string_write_ptr = '[';
ea_string_write_ptr++;
memcpy(ea_string_write_ptr, EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value], strlen(EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value]));
ea_string_write_ptr += strlen(EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value]);
memcpy(ea_string_write_ptr, " + ", 3);
ea_string_write_ptr += 3;
disp_len = sprintf(ea_string_write_ptr, "%d", low_disp);
ea_string_write_ptr += disp_len;
*ea_string_write_ptr = ']';
//END
printf("%s %s, %s\n", "mov", (reg_is_dest ? REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]
: ea_string)
, (reg_is_dest ? ea_string
: REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]));
fprintf(output, "%s %s, %s\n", "mov", (reg_is_dest ? REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]
: ea_string)
, (reg_is_dest ? ea_string
: REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]));
break;
case (MEM_16BIT_DISP):
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
extra_bytes_read++;
low_disp = (uint8_t)byte[0];
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
extra_bytes_read++;
high_disp = (uint8_t)byte[0];
//Composing wide displacement
wide_disp = high_disp << 8;
wide_disp = wide_disp | low_disp;
reg_value = ((byte2 & regm_mask) >> 3) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8);
ea_table_value = (byte2 & (regm_mask >> 3));
//EA STRING GENERATION
*ea_string_write_ptr = '[';
ea_string_write_ptr++;
memcpy(ea_string_write_ptr, EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value], strlen(EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value]));
ea_string_write_ptr += strlen(EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value]);
memcpy(ea_string_write_ptr, " + ", 3);
ea_string_write_ptr += 3;
disp_len = sprintf(ea_string_write_ptr, "%d", wide_disp);
ea_string_write_ptr += disp_len;
*ea_string_write_ptr = ']';
//END
printf("%s %s, %s\n", "mov", (reg_is_dest ? REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]
: ea_string)
, (reg_is_dest ? ea_string
: REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]));
fprintf(output, "%s %s, %s\n", "mov", (reg_is_dest ? REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]
: ea_string)
, (reg_is_dest ? ea_string
: REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]));
break;
case (MEM_NO_DISP):
//Checking if special case 110 applies
ea_table_value = (byte2 & (regm_mask >> 3));
//If R/M equals 110, there actually is displacement to worry about
bool is_direct_address = (ea_table_value == 0b110);
if (is_direct_address)
{
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
extra_bytes_read++;
low_disp = (uint8_t)byte[0];
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
extra_bytes_read++;
high_disp = (uint8_t)byte[0];
//Composing wide displacement
wide_disp = high_disp << 8;
wide_disp = wide_disp | low_disp;
}
reg_value = ((byte2 & regm_mask) >> 3) + ((byte1 & wide_mask) * 8);
if (is_direct_address)
{
//EA STRING GENERATION
*ea_string_write_ptr = '[';
ea_string_write_ptr++;
disp_len = sprintf(ea_string_write_ptr, "%d", wide_disp);
ea_string_write_ptr += disp_len;
*ea_string_write_ptr = ']';
//END
}
else
{
//EA STRING GENERATION
*ea_string_write_ptr = '[';
ea_string_write_ptr++;
memcpy(ea_string_write_ptr, EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value], strlen(EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value]));
ea_string_write_ptr += strlen(EA_ENCODING_TXT[ea_table_value]);
*ea_string_write_ptr = ']';
//END
}
printf("%s %s, %s\n", "mov", (reg_is_dest ? REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]
: ea_string)
, (reg_is_dest ? ea_string
: REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]));
fprintf(output, "%s %s, %s\n", "mov", (reg_is_dest ? REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]
: ea_string)
, (reg_is_dest ? ea_string
: REG_ENCODING_TXT[reg_value]));
break;
}
return extra_bytes_read;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
if (argc != 2) return -1;
if (CHAR_BIT != 8) return -2;
unsigned char byte[1];
bin.binary = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
fseek(bin.binary, 0, SEEK_END);
bin.size = ftell(bin.binary);
fseek(bin.binary, 0, SEEK_SET);
output = fopen("output.asm", "w");
fprintf(output, "%s\n\n", "bits 16");
for (int bytes_read = 0; bytes_read < bin.size; bytes_read++)
{
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
uint8_t manip_inst = (uint8_t)byte[0];
uint8_t inst = (uint8_t)byte[0];
//For now we're just checking for RM_TF_R
manip_inst = (manip_inst >> 2);
if (manip_inst != MOV_RM_TF_R) break;
if (bytes_read >= bin.size) break;
fread(byte, sizeof(byte), 1, bin.binary);
bytes_read++;
uint8_t inst_byte2 = (uint8_t)byte[0];
bytes_read += MOV_RM_TF_R_parse(inst, inst_byte2, 0, 0);
}
return 0;
}

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1-2/listing-40 Normal file

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1-2/listing-40.asm Normal file
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bits 16
; Signed displacements
mov ax, [bx + di - 37]
mov [si - 300], cx
mov dx, [bx - 32]
; Explicit sizes
mov [bp + di], byte 7
mov [di + 901], word 347
; Direct address
mov bp, [5]
mov bx, [3458]
; Memory-to-accumulator test
mov ax, [2555]
mov ax, [16]
; Accumulator-to-memory test
mov [2554], ax
mov [15], ax

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1-2/nasm-compile.sh Executable file
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#! /usr/bin/env bash
nasm -f bin 1-2/listing-39.asm -o 1-2/listing-39
nasm -f bin 1-2/listing-40.asm -o 1-2/listing-40