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Hane 2025-09-10 22:07:54 +02:00
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local dbg = require 'debugger'
-- Func asand type test
-- print("hello world")
-- function factos (n)
-- -- dbg()
-- if n == 0 then
-- return 1
-- else
-- return n * factos(n - 1)
-- end
-- end
-- print("Enter a number: ")
-- a = io.read("*number")
-- print(factos(a))
-- print(type(factos))
-- print(type(false))
print("String test")
asciicore = "alo123\thola\n"
asciicore2 = "\97lo\9hola\49 \10"
io.write(asciicore); print(asciicore2);
paragraphcore = [[
increible
la maravilla
interpretada ]]
print(paragraphcore)
print(10 .. 20) --string conversion, concat
print(10 + 20) --int sum, string conversion
print(10 == "10")
print("Table test")
a = {} -- create a table and store its reference in `a'
k = "x"
a[k] = 10 -- new entry, with key="x" and value=10
a[20] = "great" -- new entry, with key=20 and value="great"
print(a["x"]) --> 10
k = 20
print(a[k]) --> "great"
a["x"] = a["x"] + 1 -- increments entry "x"
print(a["x"]) --> 11
print()
print(a["z"])
a["z"] = nil
print(a["z"])
a = nil
print()
print("Convention: tables in lua are usually indexed starting with 1, the stdlib follows this")
arr = {}
for i=0,9 do
arr[i] = i*2
end
for i=0,9 do
print(arr[i])
end
print()
print("Convention: using nil as table end. ipairs follows this")
arr[10] = nil
arr[11] = 34
for i,number in ipairs(arr) do
print(number)
end
arr = nil
print()
print("Array indexing doesn't perform any type conversion")
i = 10; j = "10"; k = "+10"
a = {}
a[i] = "one value"
a[j] = "another value"
a[k] = "yet another value"
print(a[i]) --> one value
print(a[j]) --> another value
print(a[k]) --> yet another value
print(a[tonumber(j)]) --> one value
print(a[tonumber(k)]) --> one value
a = nil
print()
print("Logical operators test")
v = 3
--x = 4
x = false -- boolean, while a value, is evaluated as it should and replaced by the expression:
print(type(x))
if not x then x = v end
print(tostring(x))
print(type(x).."\n")
print(nil and false)
print(4 and false)
print(4 and 5)
if (4 and false) then
print("si")
else
print("no")
end
print()
val = v and 7 or 14
print(val)
v = false
val = v and 7 or 14
print(val)
val = (v == false) and 7 or 14
print(val)
val = (v ~= false) and 7 or 14
print(val)
v = nil; print()
print("Operator precedence")
x = 3
print(x^3)
print("Tables")
local math = require 'math'
tab = {math.sin(1), math.sin(2), math.cos(3)}
print(tab[1] .. " " .. tab[3])
print("Using table to implement linked list")
list = nil
for line in io.lines("lines.txt") do
list = {next=list, value=line}
print(tostring(list.next) .. " " .. list.value)
end
l = list
while l do
print(l.value)
l = l.next
end
l = nil; list = nil; value = nil;
print()
print("Mixing initializations and constructing tables within tables")
polyline = {color="blue", thickness=2, npoints=4,
{x=0, y=0},
{x=-10, y=0},
{x=-10, y=1},
{x=0, y=1}
}
print(polyline[1])
print(polyline[1].x)
print(polyline.color)
print(polyline[2])
print(polyline[2].x)
polyline = nil
print()
print("Explicitly writing index as an expr")
opnames = {["+"] = "add", ["-"] = "sub",
["*"] = "mul", ["/"] = "div"}
i = 20; s = "-"
a = {[i+0] = s, [i+1] = s..s, [i+2] = s..s..s}
print(opnames[s]) --> sub
print(a[22]) --> ---
a = nil; i = nil; opnames = nil;
print()
print("Assignments")
x = 1; y = 2;
x, y, c = y, x --[[Variables are first evalueated and then swapped. Extra var is set to nil, extra value is discarded.
Always 1 value per var, no multi assignments]]
print(x .. " " .. y)
x = nil; y = nil
print("Local variables: chunk, func or control block. On repl")
local a = 3; print(a) --Would print 3
local a = 3
print(a) --Would print nil on repl since we're not anymore at the scope where a was declared. Use do-end (equiv to { }, scope delimiters)!
local a = nil
print()
print("Control structures: numeric for")
for i=1,4,2 do --initial value, max value, increment(optional = 1)
print(i)
end
function f()
return 3
end
print()
for i=1,f() do
print(i)
end
print()
f = nil
print("Control structures: generic for (foreach)")
a = {1, 2}
for i, v in ipairs(a) do print(i .. " " .. v) end
a = {x=1, y=2}
for i, v in pairs(a) do print(i .. " " .. v) end
for v in pairs(a) do print(v) end --only print keys
a = nil; print()
print("Functions")
--No strict control of number of parameters passed to func (extra params = discarded, missing params = vars set to nil)
function f(x, y, z)
z = z or 1
y = y or 1
x = x or 1
return x + y + z
end
print(f(2)) --4
print(f(2,3)) --6
print(f(2,3,4)) --9
print(f(2,3,4,9)) --9
--Tables can be used as references for the content within, although with multiple retvals this should be seldomly used
function ft(a)
if (type(a) ~= "table") then
return
end
a[1] = 3
return
end
a = {6}
ft(a); print(a[1])
print()
--Functions only return multiple values if they're the single or last expression:
function multireturn(a, b)
return a, b
end
do
local a, b, c = multireturn(1, 2)
print(tostring(a) .. " " .. tostring(b) .. " " .. tostring(c))
local a, b, c = 10, multireturn(1, 2)
print(tostring(a) .. " " .. tostring(b) .. " " .. tostring(c))
local a, b, c = multireturn(1, 2), 10
print(tostring(a) .. " " .. tostring(b) .. " " .. tostring(c)) --See how c is nil? We only kept the function's first retval
end
print()
--Same thing happens when expr is part of another function call (args)
print(multireturn(1,2))
print(10, multireturn(1,2))
print(multireturn(1,2), 10)
print(multireturn(1,2) .. 10)
print(10 .. multireturn(1,2)) --And when it's a part of a expression, it always truncates extra retvals
print()
--Variadic functions
function nsum(...)
local nsum = 0
for i,v in ipairs(arg) do
nsum = nsum + v
end
print(nsum .. "\n")
--[[Equivalent to
for i = 1,arg.n do
nsum = nsum + arg[i]
end
print(nsum .. "\n")
]]
for i,v in pairs(arg) do
print(i .. " " .. v)
end
print()
return nsum
end
print(nsum(2,3,4))
--TODO: Re-read chapter 5
print("Function anonimity demonstration")
foo = function (x)
return x, 2*x
end
print(foo(2))